内容摘要:
关键词:
作者简介:
Withdrawn Behaviors under Distributive Injustice:The Influence of Procedural Justice and Interactional Justice
作者简介:王燕,华中师范大学心理学院,武汉 430079/龙立荣/周浩/祖伟,华中科技大学管理学院,武汉 430074 龙立荣,E-mail:lrlong@mail.hust.edu.cn
内容提要:以160名中学教师为被试,采用2×2的完全随机设计,以模拟故事(scenarios)的方法呈现刺激,研究了在职称评定中分配不公正的前提下,程序公正/不公正,互动公正/不公正对教师的退缩行为(消极怠工、拒绝帮助、离职、对校长的消极态度)的影响。结果表明,在分配不公正条件下:(1)程序公正、互动公正均影响教师的消极怠工程度;(2)程序公正、互动公正均影响教师的拒绝帮助行为程度,而且交互作用显著;(3)互动公正影响教师对上司的消极态度,程序公正无显著影响;(4)程序公正和互动公正对离职意愿影响均不显著。
Introduction Generally,organizational justice and injustice are deemed to be corresponding,suggesting that organizational injustice also has three dimensions,and has negative effect on an organization.Based on previous research.Jawahar proposed that different forms and combinations of justice perceptions were likely to lead to different forms of aggression,which also varied depending on the target of aggression and the manner in which harm was delivered to the victim.However,because Chinese culture emphasizes tolerance' and harmony',overt aggression seldom occurs.On the other hand,in part because organizations in China are undergoing system change,there is little or no absolute organizational justice,whereas distributive injustice is seen as a familiar phenomenon in Chinese organizations.Given these larger social and cultural contexts,it is deemed more fruitful and effective to study the effect of procedural and interactional justice on withdrawn rather than aggressive behaviors.Specifically,the present study aimed to investigate whether procedural and interactional justice would lead to different withdrawn behaviors of different magnitude. Method One hundred and sixty high school teachers participated in the present study.A 2×2 randomized design was adopted,with 4 hypothetical scenarios (consisting of information about the status of distributive injustice,procedural justice/injustice,and interactional justice/injustice) presented to the participants analyze their withdrawn behaviors (e.g.absenteeism,tardiness,intention to quit,and negative attitudes toward the school principal).MANOVA was performed to test the hypotheses.
关键词:组织不公正/分配不公正/程序公正/互动公正/退缩行为/organizational injustice/distributive injustice/procedural justice/interactional justice/withdrawal behaviors
标题注释:
国家留学回国人员科研启动基金项目(教外司[2005]383号)、国家自然科学基金资助(项目号:70671046)。
1 问题的提出
自从Adams(1965)开始对分配公正问题研究[1] 之后,很多的研究者对分配公正以及后来提出的程序公正、互动公正所组成的组织公正进行了广泛的研究。大多数研究结果表明:提高组织公正能够使组织希望的员工心理和行为(如组织承诺感、绩效等)得到改善。那么与之相对的一个问题是:当组织公正低或组织不公正时,会出现哪些组织不希望出现的行为,各种消极行为与组织不公正各维度之间又是什么关系,组织该如何减少这些消极行为发生的概率?处于转型期的中国,由于受各种因素的制约,组织不公正的现象非常多,有的甚至会危及社会的稳定,其后果不容忽视!
在国内外的研究中,组织不公正及其效果的研究大多与组织公正的研究相对应。因此组织不公正的内容也主要体现在3个方面:分配不公正、程序不公正、互动不公正。组织公正的效果变量集中在组织希望的行为上,而组织不公正的效果变量则主要集中在组织不希望出现的行为上。所以,人们一般认为组织不公正的作用是负面的。由组织不公正导致的消极行为主要分成三类:公开攻击、退缩行为和隐蔽攻击。(1)公开攻击(overt aggression):主要包括身体攻击、吵架、偷东西等。(2)退缩行为(withdrawal behaviors):不充分发挥自己的能力,如离职意愿提高、怠工、缺勤、拒绝帮助等。(3)隐蔽攻击(covert aggression):对他人的攻击如言语攻击、敌意、愤怒,对自己的攻击如焦虑、失眠、压抑等[2]。







